Аркуш з арабського манускрипту. Фармакологія Діоскорида

Аркуш з арабського манускрипту. Фармакологія Діоскорида

мініатюра

452-ГРВ МХ

мініатюра

"De materia medica" - "Фармакологія" грецького лікаря Педанія Діоскорида - науковий трактат, що мав особливу популярність на середньовічному Близькому Сході. Сторінка належить до арабського перекладу, переписаного у 1224 р. калліграфом Абдаллахом ібн аль-Фадлем. "Фармакологію" було перекладено арабською у середині 9 ст. у відомому центрі перекладів в Багдаді, знаному як Дім Мудрості This miniature is a lovely example of the oldest preserved book painting from the Islamic world. It was made in Iraq by Abdallah ibn al-Fadl, who presumably was responsible for both copying and illustrating it. The style is an example of “Arab painting,” in which Byzantine and local Christian pictorial conventions were still found, for example in the use of haloes and the folds of garments. The manuscript contains a number of depictions of medicinal plants. The fact that there are also figurative depictions of more “unnecessary” scenes, such as this doctor’s office, has been considered by many to signify the birth of Islamic book painting. Among the Greek scientific texts that appealed to the Arab translators and artists of Baghdad, a center for manuscript production in the thirteenth century, were herbals and bestiaries. They described the appearance, habitat, salient characteristics, and uses of various plants and animals, a tradition going back to late antiquity, but pictorially were more often influenced by the art of Byzantium. Particularly popular was the treatise of Dioscorides, a Greek physician working in the Roman army in Asia Minor during the first century A.D. While some miniatures illustrating this scientific text on medicinal uses, principally of plants, rather closely follow their Byzantine prototypes, others such as this example reveal more of a human than scientific approach, as the doctor seems to ponder the formula he is mixing. The decorative trees help to contain as well as balance the composition. The lack of spatial depth combined with clarity of design, lively forms, and bold coloring are characteristic of this school of painting.

1. "Preparing Medicine from Honey" Leaf from Arabic manuscript of Materia Medica by Diascorides, Iraqi, 13th century. colors and gilt on paper. 12 3/8[9 in. The Met.Mus.of Art. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/13.152.6 2. Miniature from a copy of Kitab al-hashaish, a translation of Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica. “The Doctor’s Office” Iraq, Baghdad?; 1224. Leaf: 32.2 × 24 cm // David Collection (Kopenhagen) // http://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/late-abbasids 3.The Pharmacy - from De Materia Medica of Dioscorides. Arabic translation, Baghdad, Iraq, 1224 (621 A.H.}. Metropolitan Museum of Art, new York: Cora Timken Burnett Bequst, No. 57.51.21 http://www.h-net.org/~fisher/hst372/weekeight.html 4. Islamic Anonymous. De Materia Medica of Dioscorides. Preparation of medicines from flowers & consu 1224 Islamic. Baghdad. Iraq. Washinton D.C. Freer Gallery of Art. http://gallery.sjsu.edu/encounters/mideas/index.html 5. Islamic Anonymous. De Materia Medica of Dioscorides. Gathering clay on Lemnos. 1224 Islamic. Baghdad. Iraq. Washinton D.C. Freer Gallery of Art. http://gallery.sjsu.edu/encounters/mideas/index.html 6. Man Bitten by Mad Dog". llustration from an Arabic translation of the Materia Medica by Dioscorides. Iraq, Baghdad, dated 1224. Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper. 33.2 cm x 25.0 cm. http://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/islamic/artsofbook2a.htm 7. Page from a manuscript of Dioscorides' De Materia Medica Possibly from Baghdad, Iraq AD 1224 'A discussion between two doctors and a student' in a treatise on herbal medicine' http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/p/dioscorides,_manuscript_page.aspx